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Most (if not all) programming languages will have some sort of precision limits for large integers or will just not store values outside a certain range. I suspect there are few that have the precision you suggest where you could add 1 to a very large number and it be recognised as a different number.

If you want to work with very big numbers you really need to create your own arithmetical code and use text strings rather than numbers. Scratch will happily store 12345678901234567890 as a text string but as soon as you treat it as a number (eg adding 1) it will be convert to a number and the precision limit will kick in.